A “culture” seems to be whatever the members of a society do, think, and make at some specified time. “Society” really is a vague catch-all word to describe just about anything that involves human social interaction, which in the loosest sense can capture the idea of an aggregate of people (infrequent interaction, extremely casual), or a community of people (frequent, tight interaction), or anything in between (crowds, groups, etc.) depending on one’s purposes. (But this is all within a certain timeframe, and so, is of limited usefulness. If one wants to talk history, they must bring in the concept of a civilization.)

All of these terms can be understood as sets of persons which are as large or as small as we want to designate, like an elastic band stretched across pegs on a board. If we wanted, we could talk about a multiplicity of Western cultures, because there are surely a number of Western societies. But we can also stretch the set to its outer limit. “The” Western culture would be whatever property(s) all Western cultures have in common in contemporary times: i.e., massive waste and technology, featuring tendencies toward urbanization, bureaucracy, and specialization of labor.